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Pesticides in the United States are used predominantly by the agricultural sector,〔Kellogg RL, Nehring R, Grube A, Goss DW, and Plotkin S (February 2000), (Environmental indicators of pesticide leaching and runoff from farm fields ). United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.〕 but approximately a quarter of them are used in houses, yards, parks, golf courses, and swimming pools.〔Miller GT (2004), ''Sustaining the Earth'', 6th edition. Thompson Learning, Inc. Pacific Grove, California. Chapter 9, Pages 211-216.〕 ==Use== ===Atrazine=== (詳細は"Atrazine: Chemical Summary - Toxicity and Exposure Assessment for Children’s Health" ), Environmental Protection Agency publication (Last revised 4/24/2007: includes research articles and other information through 2006)〕 The U.S. EPA said in the 2003 Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision, "The total or national economic impact resulting from the loss of atrazine to control grass and broadleaf weeds in corn, sorghum and sugar cane would be in excess of $2 billion per year if atrazine were unavailable to growers." In the same report, it added the "yield loss plus increased herbicide cost may result in an average estimated loss of $28 per acre" if atrazine were unavailable to corn farmers.〔''(Potential Association Between Atrazine Exposure and Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers in Humans )''. 2003 Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision. U.S. EPA.〕 In 2006, the EPA concluded that the triazine herbicides posed "no harm that would result to the general U.S. population, infants, children or other... consumers."〔(Triazine Cumulative Risk Assessment and Atrazine, Simazine, and Propazine Decisions ), June 22, 2006, EPA.〕 EPA concluded, in 2007, that atrazine does not adversely affect amphibian gonadal development based on a review of laboratory and field studies, including studies submitted by the registrant and studies published in the scientific literature.〔(Atrazine Updates ), April 2010, EPA.〕 In 2009, Paul Winchester, a professor of pediatrics at the Indiana University School of Medicine, wrote a paper that was published in ''Acta Paediatrica''〔Winchester, Paul. ("Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States" ), ''Acta Paediatrica'', Volume 98, #4, pp. 664–669, April 2009〕 reviewing national records for thirty million births, found that children conceived between April and July, when the concentration of atrazine, mixed with other pesticides, in water is highest, were more likely to have genital birth defects. A 2010 study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, observed substantial adverse reproductive effects on fish from atrazine exposure at concentrations below the USEPA water-quality guideline.〔(Commonly Used Atrazine Herbicide Adversely Affects Fish Reproduction, ScienceDaily (May 20, 2010) )〕 In 2014, ''New Yorker'' writer Rachel Aviv reported that atrazine manufacturer Syngenta might have been orchestrating an attack on the "scientific credibility" of not just Tyrone Hayes, the lead critic of atrazine use, but other scientists as well, whose studies have shown atrazine to have adverse effects on the environment and/or human and animal health.〔("A Valuable Reputation: Tyrone Hayes said that a chemical was harmful, its maker pursued him" ) by Rachel Aviv, ''The New Yorker, 10 February 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pesticides in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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